Perle du jour

Les USA ont occupé le Groenland pendant la Deuxième guerre mondiale et ont contribué au développement du pays au cours de la décennie qui a suivi. « En fait, nous les avons amenés à vivre dans des conditions plus modernes que l'âge de pierre dans lequel ils vivaient à cause de l'oppression par le Danemark ».

Carla Sands, ambassadrice des USA au  Danemark de 2017 à 2021, Newsmax, 28/3/2025


Affichage des articles dont le libellé est English. Afficher tous les articles
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est English. Afficher tous les articles

28/03/2025

MAURIZIO LAZZARATO
Arming to save financial capitalism!
The lessons of Rosa Luxemburg, Kalecki, Baran and Sweezy

Cartoons by  Enrico Bertuccioli
Translated by  Tlaxcala, edited by John Catalinotto

Maurizio Lazzarato (1955), exiled in France following the crackdown on April 7, 1979 on the Organized Worker Autonomy movement, in which he was an activist at the University of Padua, is an Italian independent sociologist and philosopher living in Paris. He is author of numerous books and articles on immaterial labor, cognitive capitalism, biopolitics and the bioeconomy, debt, war and what he calls the Capital-State machine.

"However great a nation is, if it loves war it will perish; however peaceful the world is, if it forgets war it will be in danger."

from Wu Zi, ancient Chinese military treaty

"When we say system of war we mean a system such as the one in force that assumes war even if only planned and not fought as the foundation and culmination of the political order, that is, of the relationship between peoples and between men. A system where war is not an event but an institution, not a crisis but a function, not a rupture but a cornerstone of the system, a war always deprecated and exorcised but never abandoned as a real possibility."

Claudio Napoleoni, 1986


Donald Trump’s advent is apocalyptic, in the original meaning of the world apocalypse, revelation. His convulsive flailing has the great merit of demonstrating the true nature of capitalism, the relationship between war, politics and profit, between capital and the state usually hidden under the fig leaf of democracy, human rights, values and the mission of Western civilization. 

The same hypocrisy is at the heart of the narrative constructed to legitimize the 840 billion euros for rearmament that the EU has imposed on member states using the state of exception. Arming does not mean, as Draghi says, defending "the values that founded our European society" and have "guaranteed for decades, to its citizens peace, solidarity and with the American ally, security, sovereignty and independence," but it means saving financial capitalism.

There is not even any need for grand speeches and documented analysis to mask the paucity of these narratives. It only took another massacre of 400 Palestinian civilians to bring out the truth of the indecent chatter about the uniqueness and moral and cultural supremacy of the West.

Trump is no pacifist; he merely acknowledges NATO's strategic defeat in the Ukraine war, while European elites reject the evidence. Peace for them would mean returning to the catastrophic state to which they have reduced their nations. The war must continue because for them, as for the Democrats and the U.S. deep state, it is the means to get out of the crisis that began in 2008, as happened once before with the Great Crisis of 1929. Trump thinks he can solve it by prioritizing the economy without disavowing violence, blackmail, intimidation, and war. It is very likely that neither of them will succeed because they have a huge problem: Capitalism, in its financial form, is in deep crisis and it is precisely from its center, the U.S., that “dramatic” signals are coming for the elites who govern us. Instead of converging to the U.S., capital is fleeing to Europe. This is big news, a symptom of great unpredictable ruptures that threaten to be catastrophic.

Instead of producing commodities, finance capital blows bubbles that all inflate in the U.S. and all burst to the detriment of the rest of the world, proving to be weapons of mass destruction. U.S. finance sucks value (capital) from all over the world, invests it in a bubble, which sooner or later bursts, forcing the peoples of the planet into austerity, their sacrifices paying for its failures: First the internet bubble, then the subprime bubble that caused one of the biggest financial crises in the history of capitalism, opened the door to war. They also attempted the green capitalism bubble that never got off the ground and finally the incomparably larger bubble of high-tech companies. To plug the flaws of the private debt disasters dumped on public debts, the Federal Reserve and the European bank flooded the markets with liquidity that instead of 'dripping' into the real economy, served to fuel the high -tech bubble and the development of investment funds known as the "Big Three" -- Vanguard, BlackRock and State Street -- (the largest monopoly in the history of capitalism, managing $50 trillion, major shareholder in all major publicly traded companies). Now even this bubble is deflating.

If you divide the entire capitalization of the Wall Street Stock Exchange list by two we are still a long way from the real value of High tech companies, whose stocks have been inflated by the very funds to keep dividends high for their "rescuers" (the Democrats were also counting on replacing welfare with finance for all, as they had previously raved about housing for all people in the U.S.).

Now the party is over. The bubble has reached its limit and values are falling leaving a real risk of collapse. If we add to this the uncertainty that the policies of Trump, representing a form of finance that is not that of investment funds, are introducing into a system that the investment funds had managed to stabilize with the help of the Democrats, we can understand the fears of the “markets”. Western capitalism needs another bubble because it knows only how to reproduce the same thing over and over (the Trumpian attempt to rebuild manufacturing in the U.S. is doomed to certain failure). 


The perfect identity of "production" and destruction

Europe, which already spends more than twice what Russia spends on arms [$420 billion vs. 158] (NATO accounts for 55 percent of the world's arms spending, Russia 5 percent) has decided on a major investment plan of 800 billion euros to further increase military spending.

The war and Europe where political and economic networks are still active, and power centers that align with the strategy represented by Biden, which was defeated in the last presidential election, have the opportunity to build a bubble based on armaments that compensates for the growing difficulties of the U.S. "markets." Since December, stocks of arms companies have already been the subject of speculation, going from rise to rise and functioning as a safe haven for capital that sees the U.S. situation as too risky. At the center of the operation are investment funds that are also among the largest shareholders in major arms companies. They hold significant stakes in Boeing, Lockheed Martin and RTX, influencing the management and strategies of these companies. They also have a presence in the military-industrial complex in Europe: Rheinmetall, a German company that manufactures Leopards [tanks] and has seen its stock rise 100 percent in recent months, has Blackrock, Société Générale, Vanguard, etc. as major shareholders. Rheinmetall, Europe's largest munitions manufacturer, has surpassed the continent's leading automaker, Volkswagen, in terms of capitalization, the latest sign of investors' growing appetite for defense-related stocks.

The European Union wants to collect and channel continental savings into armaments with catastrophic consequences for the proletariat and a further division of the Union. The arms race will not be able to function as "war keynesianism" because investment in arms intervenes in a financialized economy that is no longer industrial. Built with public money it will generate profits for  a small minority of private investors while worsening conditions for the vast majority of the population.

The arms bubble can only produce the same effects as the U.S. bubble of high-tech enterprises. After 2008, the sums of money captured for investment in the high-tech bubble never 'trickled' down to the U.S. proletariat. Instead, they have produced ever-increasing de-industrialization, de-skilled and precarious jobs, low wages, rampant poverty, the destruction of the little Welfare inherited from the New Deal and the subsequent privatization of all services. This is what the European financial bubble will undoubtedly produce in Europe. Financialization will lead not only to the complete destruction of the Welfare State and the outright privatization of services, but to the further political fragmentation of what remains of the European Union. The debts, incurred by each state separately, will have to be repaid, and huge differences will be produced among European states in their ability to repay the debts they have incurred. 

The real danger is not the Russians, but the Germans with their 500 billion rearmament and another 500 billion for infrastructure, crucial financing in building the bubble. The last time Germany rearmed it wreaked global disasters (25 million dead in the Soviet Union alone, the final solution, etc.), hence François Mauriac's famous statement against German unification "I love Germany so much that I’m happy there are two of them." Waiting for the further developments of nationalism and the already 21% far-right that "Deutschland ist zurück" [Germany is back] will inevitably produce, Germany will impose its usual imperialist hegemony on other European countries. The Germans have quickly abandoned the ordo-liberal creed that had no economic foundation, only political, and embrace to the hilt Anglo-American financialization, but with the same goal, to command and exploit Europe. The Financial Times recounts a decision made by Blackrock's man Merz and Goldman Sachs' man Treasury Minister Joerg Kukies, with the endorsement of the 'left' parties SPD and Die Linke, who, like their predecessors in 1914, are once again taking responsibility for future carnage.

If Germany's previous internal imperialism was based on austerity, export mercantilism, wage freezes and the destruction of the welfare state, this one will be based on the management of a European war economy organized hierarchically according to the differential interest rates to be paid when repaying the contracted debt.

The already heavily indebted countries (Italy, France, etc.) will have to find those who will buy their bonds issued to pay off the debt, in an increasingly competitive European "market." Investors will find it worthwhile to buy German bonds, bonds issued by arms companies on which upward speculation will be in play, and European government debt securities, which are certainly safer and more profitable than the bonds of super-indebted countries. The famous "spread" will still play its role as it did in 2011. The billions needed to pay the markets will not be available to the welfare state. The strategic goal of all governments and oligarchies for the past 50 years will now be achieved: Destroy social spending for the reproduction of the proletariat and instead privatize it. 

Driven by self-interest, 27 national entities will battle each other with nothing to gain, because history, which “we are the only ones who know what’s happening” has backed them into a corner, useless and irrelevant after centuries of colonialism, wars and genocides. 

The arms race is accompanied by a pounding "we are at war" pretext used against everyone (Russia, China , North Korea, Iran, Brics) that cannot be abandoned and is likely to come to fruition in a real war because this delusional amount of weapons must still "be consumed." 


The lessons of Rosa Luxemburg, Kalecki, Baran and Sweezy

Only the clueless can claim to be astonished by what is happening now. Everything is repeating itself, only it is happening within a system dominated by financial capitalism that is no longer the industrial capitalism of the 20th century.

War and armaments have been at the heart of economics and politics since capitalism became imperialist. And they are also at the heart of the process of reproduction of capital and the proletariat, in fierce competition with each other. Let us quickly reconstruct the theoretical framework provided by Rosa Luxemburg, Kalecki, Baran and Sweezy, firmly planted, in contrast to the useless contemporary critical theories, on the categories of imperialism, monopoly and war, which offers us a mirror of the contemporary situation.

We will start with the crisis of 1929, which had its roots in World War I and the attempt to get out of it by activating public spending through state intervention. According to Baran et Sweezy (henceforth B&S), the drawback of government spending in the 1930s was its volume, which was inadequate to counteract the depressive forces of the private economy. 

"Viewed as a rescue operation for the U.S. economy as a whole, the New Deal was thus a blatant failure. Even [John] Galbraith, the prophet of prosperity without war orders, recognized that in the decade 1930 - 1940, 'the great crisis' never ended."

The system would only come out of its crisis with World War II: "Then came the war, and with the war came salvation (...) military spending did what social spending had failed to accomplish" because government spending rose from $17.5 billion to $103.1 billion a year.

B&S show that government spending did not bring the results that military spending did because it was limited by a political problem that is still our own. Why did the New Deal and its spending, fail to achieve a goal that "was within reach, as the war later proved"? Because regarding the nature and composition of government spending, that is, of the reproduction of the system and the proletariat, the class struggle is unleashed. 

"Given the power structure of U.S. monopoly capitalism, the increase in civilian spending had almost reached its outer limits. The forces opposing further expansion were too powerful to be overcome." 

Social spending competed with or harmed corporations and oligarchies, robbing them of economic and political power. "Because private interests control political power the limits of public spending are rigidly set without any concern for social needs, however shamefully obvious they may be." And these limits also applied to spending, health care and education, which at that time, unlike today were not directly competing with the private interests of the oligarchies. 

The arms race allows increased public spending by the state, without transforming this into increased wages and consumption of the proletariat. [The challenge is] how to spend public money to avoid the economic depression that monopoly [capitalism] brings, while avoiding strengthening of the proletariat? "By armaments, by more armaments, by more and more armaments."

Michael Kalecki, working on the same period but on Nazi Germany, succeeds in elucidating other aspects of the problem. Against all economism, which always threatens the understanding of capitalism by critical theories, even by Marxist ones, he highlights the political nature of the capital cycle: "Discipline in the factories and political stability are more important to capitalists than current profits."

The political cycle of capital, which can now' only be guaranteed by state intervention, must resort to arms spending and fascism. For Kalecki, too, the political problem manifests itself in the "direction and purposes of public spending." The aversion to "subsidizing mass consumption" is motivated by the destruction it causes "of the basis of the capitalist ethic ----  'you will earn your bread by the sweat of your brow' (unless you live off the profits of capital)."

How to make sure that state spending is not transformed into increased employment, consumption and wages and thus into the political strength of the proletariat? The inconvenience for the oligarchies is overcome with fascism because the state machine is then under the control of big capital and the fascist leadership, with "the concentration of state expenditures in armaments," while "factory discipline and political stability is ensured by the dissolution of trade unions and concentration camps. Political pressure here replaces the economic pressure of unemployment."

Hence the immense success of the Nazis among most economic liberals in both Britain and America.

War and arms spending were central to American policy even after the end of World War II, because a political structure without an armed force, that is, without a monopoly on its exercise, was inconceivable. The volume of a nation's military apparatus depends on its position in the world hierarchy of exploitation. "The most important nations will always need the most, and the extent of their need (for armed force) will vary according to whether or not a spirited struggle for first place is going on among them." 

Military spending thus continued to grow in the center of imperialism: "Of course, most of the expansion of government spending took place in the military sector, which rose from less than 1 to more than 10 percent of GNP and accounted for about two-thirds of the total increase in government spending since 1920. This massive absorption of the surplus in limited preparations has been the central fact of postwar American history." 

Kalecki points out that in 1966 "more than half of the growth in national income is resolved in the growth of military spending."

Now, after the war [World War II], capitalism can no longer count on fascism to control social spending. The Polish economist, a 'pupil' of Rosa Luxemburg, points out, "One of the fundamental functions of Hitlerism was to overcome big capital's aversion to large-scale anti-consumerist policy. 

The big bourgeoisie had given its assent to the abandonment of laisser-faire and to the radical increase of the role of the state in the national economy, on the condition that the state apparatus would be under direct control of its alliance with the fascist leadership," and that the destination and content of public spending would be determined by armaments. 

In the Glorious Thirties (1930s), without fascism ensuring the direction of public spending, states and capitalists were forced into political compromise. Power relations determined by the century of revolutions forced the state and capitalists into concessions that are nevertheless compatible with profits reaching previously unknown growth rates. But even this compromise is one too many because, despite large profits, "the workers become 'recalcitrant' in such a situation and the 'captains of industry' become eager to 'teach them a lesson.'"

The counter - revolution, unfolding since the late 1960s, will have at its center, the destruction of social spending and the fierce desire to direct public spending toward the sole and exclusive interests of the oligarchies. The problem, since the Weimar Republic, has never been a generic intervention of the state in the economy, but the fact that the state had been invested by the class struggle and had been forced to yield to the demands of workers' and proletarian struggles.

In the "peaceful" times of the Cold War, without the aid of fascism, the explosion of military spending needs legitimacy, secured by propaganda capable of continually conjuring up the threat of a looming war, of an enemy at the gates ready to destroy Western values : "The unofficial and official creators of public opinion had the answer ready: the United States must defend the free world from the threat of Soviet (or Chinese) aggression."

Kalecki, for the same period specifies, "Newspapers, cinema, radio and television stations that work under the auspices of the ruling class create an atmosphere conducive to the militarization of the economy."

Spending on armaments has not only an economic function, but also one of producing subjugated subjectivities. War by exalting subordination and command "contributes to the creation of a conservative mentality."

"While massive public spending on education and welfare tends to undermine the privileged position of the oligarchy, military spending does the opposite. Militarization favors all reactionary forces (...) a blind respect for authority is determined; conduct of conformity and submission is taught and imposed; and contrary opinion is regarded as unpatriotic or even treasonable."

Capitalism produces a capitalist who, precisely because of the political form of its cycle, is a sower of death and destruction rather than a promoter of progress. Richard B. Russel, a conservative U.S. Southern senator as early as the 1960s quoted by B&S, tells us: "There is something about preparations for destruction that induces men to spend money more carelessly than if it were for constructive purposes. Why this happens I don't know; but for the thirty years or so that I have been in the Senate I have realized that in buying weapons to kill, destroy, wipe cities off the face of the earth and eliminate great transportation systems there is something that causes men not to calculate the expenditure with the same care employed when it comes to thinking of decent housing and health care for human beings."

The reproduction of capital and the proletariat became politicized through the revolutions of the 20th century. The class struggle also investing this reality has brought out a radical opposition between the reproduction of life and the reproduction of its destruction that has only deepened since the 1930s.


How does capitalism work

War and armaments, excluded in practice from virtually all critical theories of capitalism, function as discriminants in the analysis of capital and the state.

It is very difficult to call capitalism a "mode of production," as Marx did, because economy, war, politics, state, and technology are closely intertwined and inseparable elements. The "critique of economics" is not enough to produce a revolutionary theory. 

Already with the advent of imperialism a radical change in the functioning of capitalism and the state had been produced, made crystal clear by Rosa Luxemburg for whom accumulation has two expects. The first "concerns the production of surplus-value ---- in the factory, in the mine, in agricultural exploitation ---- and the circulation of goods in the market. Viewed from this point of view, accumulation is an economic process whose most important stage is a transaction between the capitalist and the wage earner." 

The second aspect has the whole world as its theater, a world dimension irreducible to the concept of "market" and its economic laws. "Here the methods employed are colonial politics, the international loan system, the politics of spheres of interest, war. Violence, fraud, oppression, predation develop openly, without mask, and it is difficult to recognize the strict laws of the economic process in the interweaving of economic violence and political brutality."

War is not a continuation of politics but coexists, from time immemorial, with it, as the functioning of the world market shows. Here, where war, fraud, and predation coexist with economics the law of value has never really worked. 

The world market looks very different from the one sketched by Marx. His considerations seem to no longer apply, or rather, need to be specified: only in the world market would money and labor become adequate to their concept, bringing their abstraction and universality to fruition. On the contrary, what we can see is that money, the most abstract and universal form of capital, is always the state currency. The dollar is the currency of the United States and reigns only as such. The abstraction of money and its universality (and its automatisms) are appropriated by a 'subjective force' and are managed according to a strategy that is not contained in money.  

Finance too, like technology seems to be the object of appropriation by "national" subjective forces, hardly universal.  In the world market, even abstract labor does not triumph as such, but instead encountering other, radically different labor (servile labor, slave labor, etc.) is the object of strategies.

Trump's action, having dropped the hypocritical veil of democratic capitalism, reveals to us the secret of economics: it can only function from an international division of production and reproduction that is defined and imposed politically, that is, using force that also involves war. 

The will to exploitation and domination, simultaneously managing political, economic and military relations, constructs a totality, which can never close in on itself, but always remains open, split by conflict, war and pillaging. In this split totality, the set of power relations converge and are governed. Trump intervenes on the use of words, but also on gender theories, while he would like to impose a new global positioning, both political and economic, of the U.S. From the micro to the macro, this is a political action that contemporary movements are far from even thinking about.

The construction of the financial bubble, a process we can follow step by step, happens in the same way. There are many actors that contribute to its production: the European Union, the states that must go into debt, the European Investment Bank, political parties, the media and public opinion, large investment funds (all based in the United States) that organize the movement of capital from one stock exchange to another, and large corporations. Only after the clash/cooperation between these power centers has given its verdict can the economic bubble and its automatic mechanisms function. There is a whole ideology about automatic operation that must be debunked. "Autopilot," especially at the financial level, exists and works only after it is politically established. It did not exist in the Glorious Thirties because it was politically decided upon, it has been functioning since the late 1970s by explicit political will.

This multiplicity of actors who have been agitating for months is held together by a strategy. There is thus a subjective element that intervenes in a fundamental way. Two ways. From the capitalist point of view, there is a fierce struggle going on between the "subjective factor" Trump and the "subjective factor" of the elites who were defeated in the presidential election but still have strong presences in the centers of power in the U.S. and Europe. 

But for capitalism to work we must also consider a subjective proletarian factor. It plays a decisive role because it will either become the passive bearer of the new process of capital production/reproduction or it will tend to reject and destroy it. Having ascertained the incapacity of the contemporary proletariat, the weakest, the most disoriented, the least autonomous and independent proletariat in the history of capitalism, the first option seems the most likely. But if it fails to oppose a strategy of its own to the enemy's continuous strategic innovations, capable of continual renewal, we will fall within an asymmetry of power relations that will take us back to before the French Revolution, into a new/already seen "ancien régime."


18/02/2025

Expanded meeting of Syrian civil and political forces and personalities (February 15-16, 2025): Final declaration

Expanded meeting of Syrian civilian and political forces and personalities, 16/02/2025

Translated by Ayman El Hakim, Tlaxcala

 O great people of Syria

O people of sacrifice and redemption, cradle of the first civilizations in history

O our people, who still suffer deprivation, oppression, bloodshed and the danger of partition, division and social splits that threaten the unity of the country and the unity of the people.

In order to fight to alleviate the suffering of our people, to respond to all these dangers by establishing the basis for free national action, to fight to restore the national unity of the entire people, to lift injustice for all, to reject the monopolization of power by any party whatsoever, so as not to fall back into a totalitarian monolithic regime and not to repeat the national tragedy, and under the motto:

Religion for God and Fatherland for all - Equal Citizenship and Human Dignity.

For all these objectives:

The expanded Syrian national meeting was held in Syrian cities and in the Swiss city of Geneva on February 15 and 16, 2025, with remote participation for those who could not attend in person. Calls to hold this expanded meeting were made in view of the political, security, economic and social conditions that our Syrian people are still suffering from.

The goal of the Syrian revolutionaries has been to overthrow the Assad regime, which has wreaked havoc on the Syrian people for half a century and more, as our Syrian people have paid a heavy price for its overthrow since the beginning of the Syrian revolution on March 18, 2011, and also before it began, many Syrian fighters have paid with their lives for the struggle against the criminal Assad family and its totalitarian system.

December 8, 2024 came to give us a dose of hope on the eve of the fall of the tyrant Bashar al-Assad and his cronies, because it was the day we wanted, as the popular national song says.

However, from the very first days, we Syrian patriots began to see worrying things and behaviours that were never part of the objectives of the revolution for freedom and dignity.

The new administration has unilaterally announced decisions that monopolize the national decision-making process, without respecting the struggles of all those who sacrificed themselves for the success of the revolution. These decisions have given rise to deep concern about what is happening, and suggest that the new administration, despite the rhetoric of the head of the command Ahmad al-Sharaa,  to dissuade critics, and his smooth talk  to various media, is establishing a new totalitarian regime that is unilateral and not pluralistic.

The new administration has announced appointments to the army command and the Ministry of Defense without respecting the struggle and sacrifices of the 6,000 officers who defected from the Assad regime, as if they did not exist. It has also awarded military ranks in the Syrian army to non-Syrians whose hands are drenched in Syrian blood, and has ignored the vast majority of the sons of the revolution, officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers who have given their all to free Syria from corruption and tyranny.

10/02/2025

SANTIAGO GONZÁLEZ VALLEJO
EU and Spain associated to war crimes

Santiago González Vallejo, 10/2/2025

The author is a Spanish economist who works at the Unión Sindical Obrera trade union and is a member and co-founder of the Comité de Solidaridad con la Causa Árabe (Arab Cause Solidarity Committee).

For many years now, we have accused the European Union of being an accomplice in the occupation and colonization of the Territories occupied by Israel (Palestine territory prior to 1967, the Syrian Golan Heights and the Shebaa Farms in Lebanon), as well as the blockade of Palestinian Gaza. This is confirmed by its global inaction and its de facto support for Israel in terms of arms trade, security agreements, maintenance of trade relations – including with the settlements in the Occupied Territory, in both directions – partnership in programs of all kinds or granting aid. All of this forces us to consider that the EU is not only complicit but also a party to Israel's war crimes and crimes against humanity.

The European Union (as well as NATO), through these agreements, has been considering Israel as a partner, ally, etc., despite it being an occupying state with supremacist laws that discriminate against Palestinians and despise international law, including the right of return.  All of this is the origin and cause of the injustice suffered by the Palestinian people.  The European Union and other Western countries, by siding with Israel, are participants in the crimes of repression and continuous violence that Israel exercises to maintain that territorial domination.

An excuse sometimes alleged in the abandonment of accepted values of the European Union (such as the respect of international law, democracy or shared prosperity) is that many Europeans are trapped ideologically in accepting the Israeli narrative that they are the Jews who were massacred and discriminated against in the last century. But those Europeans who discriminated and massacred Jewish citizens of their own country, are not us, today’s Europeans. They were, generically, our ancestors. This leads us to ask questions such as: do today’s European have to pay for crimes that they did not commit, or are today’s Israelis victims of those atrocities?

Israelis cannot adduce that they are the same people as those Jews who suffered the Holocaust along with other groups. Nor can the actions of these Israelis against the Palestinians, with their occupation, colonization and supremacist laws, be justified based on the suffering and attempted annihilation of Jews by Nazi and fascist supremacist ideologies (now recreated by many European and Israeli parties).

MOHAMAD ALIAN
Number 9077

Mohamad Alian, 8/2/2025
Translated by Ayman El Hakim

In the documents of the assassins and the notebooks of the executioners, in the archives of the air force intelligence services, his number was: 9077.

A number on his forehead, a number in their records, a number in the endless lists of the dead.

But he wasn't just a number... he was my father, Khaled Alian.

He was a simple man who loved life, had goodness in his heart and always had a smile on his face. He was not a politician, he did not carry a weapon, but the identity of the city of Darayya was a charge in itself.

He was in a country ruled by a criminal, and in a country where your religion and your city determine your destiny.

In 2012, they arrested him for the first time. They took him from us, for no reason, without a trial, without explanation. Maybe it was just a report that earned him a few pounds, and my father's share amounted to moaning.

When he came back months later, he was no longer the same man.

He would look into the distance, as if he could see something that we could not. He would wander and think a lot, as if he had never really left there, as if his soul were trapped within the walls of the cells. He would try to become himself again, he would try to laugh with us, but something was broken in him, and we could not fix it.

Before his body had fully recovered from this arrest, they arrested him again months later, in 2013, in a market in Damascus, after we had fled Daraya, escaping the massacres, without asking him a single question, without giving us the opportunity to say goodbye.

We waited for him for a long time... day after day, month after month, for two whole years, dreaming of the moment when he would return, arrive from afar, smile at us, open the door and say: I'm late.

But the doors that take loved ones away to Syria never bring them back.

He went out and never came back, as if the earth had swallowed him up. We had no certainty, no death to mourn, no life to look forward to, only a deadly void and infinite possibilities.

We waited for him for two years, but he didn't wait... He died after only a fortnight, as it was written on his forehead.

He died there, between the cold walls, in the sunless cells, under the merciless whips, under their bloodthirsty fists. He did not die a natural death, but a death caused by criminal hands, hands that do not consider human beings as anything other than a number to be erased after they have played their part in the whirlwind of torture and the game of death.

He died in Assad's prisons, like tens or hundreds of thousands of others whose mass graves are still being discovered, at the hands of the assassins who ruled Syria with fire and prisons.

When Caesar's photos were released in 2015, I saw him... I saw my father for the first time after all these years.

But he was no longer the man I knew, no longer with his voice, no longer with his gait, no longer with his laughter.

He was a body lying in the dirt among the piles of corpses, in dusty clothes, with a face and a body exhausted by torture, with his number on his forehead, waiting for those around him to take him to the cemetery.

 

I saw him in the photo, and I couldn't leave him there, I couldn't let that photo be his end, so I tried to change the scene with a trembling hand.

I needed to see him in a photo worthy of him, in a kinder place, in the sunlight he had never seen before his death, on green grass, in a clean shroud. I wanted to apologize to him for the cruelty he had suffered.

But I didn't do it to escape reality or to avoid remembering the pain of that image, but because I firmly believe that God changed the scene for him and for all those who had spent time with him from the first moment into something more beautiful.

He honored them and took away their pain when their soul left their body.

04/02/2025

Bye bye USAID: why I won’t mourn its death

 FG, 4/1/2025

The infernal couple in red ties - Donald II and Baby Marco - in tune with Adolf Musk, have decided to liquidate USAID, which they consider a den of fanatics - a kind of radical left Marxist Al-Qaeda inside the Beltway. Social media is full of the lamentations of thirty-somethings in the Global South, who see their dollar livelihoods slipping away. I can only applaud this decision by the MAGAlomaniacs. 

Here’s why: in my distant youth, in the happy 60s, I lived in downtown Tunis. On my way home from school around noon, I’d stop at the now-defunct boulangerie - an industrial bakery with no store, where you bought bread straight from the oven - to buy “bâtards”, “Italian bread” or, more rarely, “baguettes”. Around 1963-1964, the bread became inedible. When you opened it, a green crumb appeared. Rotten flour. I asked the baker, “What’s going on?”  Looking disgusted, he pointed to a pile of flour sacks piled up in a corner. The text printed on the sacks read “Graciously donated by the people of the Unted States of America – USAID” and - underneath - the two hands intertwined, with the stars and stripes flag in the background.


Quite simply, USAID was generously offering us rotten wheat flour. One more reason to vomit at the Yankees, who had started bombing North Vietnam and landing troops in South Vietnam. Today, USAID no longer poisons us with rotten flour, but with empowerment programmes: youth empowerment, women’s empowerment, LGBTQ+ empowerment, in short, empowerment with all the sauces, including ketchup. They’ve bought into the Arab Spring generation, in stiff competition with German, Swedish, Canadian, French and Japanese foundations, without forgetting our Emirati brethren. Blessed be Donald, Marco and Adolf, who will deliver us from this scum of the earth and their Monopoly money.

15/01/2025

Call to a Broad Meeting of Syrian Civil and Political Forces and Figures
Sovereignty, Citizenship, Democratic Transition (SAMA)
February 15-16, 2025


Arabic original: الاجتماع الموسع للقوى والشخصيات المدنية والسياسية السورية  

On the morning of December 8, 2024, the freemen of Daraa and Swaida entered the capital, Damascus, followed by armed factions from the north and various provinces, to end half a century of tyranny and bloody oppression.

This historic national milestone signaled the beginning of the end for injustice, despotism, and dictatorship. However, we have also witnessed actions and initiatives that contradict the foundational principles of the March 18, 2011 Revolution: “One, one, one—the Syrian people are one.” Kurds and Arabs united, Christians and Muslims hand in hand, Sunnis and Alawites in solidarity—a state of citizenship for all Syrians, where people are citizens, not subjects. These principles, for which our people sacrificed nearly half a million martyrs, remain the cornerstone of our vision.


We remind our people: liberation from tyranny does not justify the presence of any non-Syrian fighters on the soil of our beloved homeland. We categorically reject any military force monopolizing national decision-making, regardless of its size or strength. We will not accept any ideology replacing fifty years of Baathist misery, nor will we tolerate any authority imposed by the force of arms.

Yes, the criminal Assad regime has fallen. Yet, familiar hands—known to all Syrians—are working to reproduce the old system under new guises, perpetuating internal conflicts, war crimes, and cycles of revenge.

Today, as regional powers have granted Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) authority over operations in Damascus, we are witnessing blatant attempts to manipulate those who entered the Presidential Palace. Each faction seeks to secure its interests first, ensuring that the new authorities align with Western-Turkish regional agendas. These actors exploit the fact that the current leadership in Damascus lacks popular legitimacy, tainted by Syrian blood, marred by purges of allies and opponents alike, and susceptible to external influence on issues dictated by foreign powers.

We Syrians now find ourselves under a weak new authority shackled by the misconduct of its leaders. Armed militias, including foreign fighters, have become the dominant force in Syria's security and military institutions, seeking to impose their vision in any national dialogue or discussion. Meanwhile, external powers play the role of overseers, dictating the steps of the “caretaker government.”

The Syrian state cannot be rebuilt without the collective effort of all its people, grounded in a shared sense of ownership and responsibility. No decision-maker in Damascus, or their opposition, can afford to ignore the root causes of our current tragedy: since 2011, politicians, armed groups, and the regime have all sought external validation to gain “legitimacy” and maintain power.

Many parties to the conflict, to varying degrees, have contributed to instilling fear and division among Syrians, reducing them to sectarian, religious, ethnic, or tribal identities, perpetuating the absence of a citizenship-based state—a situation that began with Assad the father’s rule.

Both Islamists and secularists have fallen into the trap of populism, driven by momentary emotions, at great cost. The time has come for rational, wise dialogue—one that moves beyond narratives of defeat or victory.

Principles to Unite Syrians:

1. Sovereignty and equal citizenship.

2. Human dignity and rights for all, regardless of nationality, religion, or sect.

3. Gender equality—women as equals to men.

4. Freedom of expression and political participation.

5. The rule of law.

6. Balanced economic development.

Necessary Steps:

Establish a National Military Council: Dissident officers must form a council to oversee the rebuilding of a unified Syrian national army.

Convene a General National Conference: Inclusive of all Syrian national forces,  excluding no one, under international sponsorship. This aligns with UNSC meeting on  12/18/2024 AD to implement UNSC Resolution 2254, aiming to create a transitional  governing body, a constitutional drafting committee, and an independent judicial body  for transitional justice.

Form an Interim Technocratic Government: Its mandate will end with the election of a government under the new constitution.

Revive and Expand the Syrian Network for Free and Fair Elections.

Establish the Syrian National Commission for Human Rights: A collaborative  effort between human rights organizations and lawyers’ unions to guarantee and  protect all human rights in Syria, with special emphasis on women’s rights.

Respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: All parties must commit to  the principles Syria ratified in 1968, distinguishing those dedicated to citizenship and  democracy from those seeking to reproduce dictatorship.

Criminalize Hate Speech and Sectarian Incitement: Enact laws against hate speech  based on religion, race, ethnicity, or nationality and amend the Penal Code to increase  penalties for systematic sectarian violence and killings.

Additional Points:

Foreign Occupation: The world, as well as the Syrian people, is well aware of the  presence of multiple occupying forces in our country, including American, Turkish,  and Israeli troops currently stationed on Syrian soil. We have witnessed the blatant  Israeli aggression against Syrian territory, targeting the military’s infrastructure,  research centers, and defense factories. It appears there is an unspoken agreement or  coordination between the de facto authorities, their supporters, and the Israeli military  to disengage under Israeli terms, along with those of the powers backing the current  regime. Yet, we have not heard any condemnation from the Security Council,  Western parties, or even a clear and unequivocal demand for the withdrawal of all  foreign forces from Syrian soil. This serves as a crucial lesson for all Syrians: the urgent need to build a national army dedicated to ensuring the departure of these  foreign forces and preserving the unity and integrity of Syria’s entire territory.

Economic Sanctions: The Syrian people have suffered under unilateral sanctions for  two decades, which have affected every aspect of life. We demand the immediate and  unconditional lifting of these sanctions to relieve our people’s suffering.

All these demands require urgent action. Delays, procrastination, or neglect are unacceptable. History teaches us that the absence of clear timelines leads to catastrophic consequences.

Call to Action:

In three weeks of discussions among political and civil forces, we recognized the need for the broadest meeting to unify all those committed to building a sovereign state, inclusive citizenship, and democratic transition. This pivotal meeting will take place in a Syrian city capable of hosting it, with parallel gatherings via video conference in Geneva and major Syrian cities.

This broad national meeting aims to develop a unified roadmap, foster collaboration among active forces, and envision a Syria that reflects its people. All indications we observe today point to the intentions of the de facto authorities to establish military and security apparatuses that replicate the tragedies our people endured in Idlib at the hands of the same decision- makers now in control of Damascus. These include the re-seizure of decision-making power from professional unions and the perpetuation of retaliatory and vengeful actions against large segments of our population.

The Preparatory Committee invites all Syrians to join this effort, rejecting exclusion and division, to prevent new dictatorships and avoid the perils of civil war and partition.

Long live free, independent Syria!

The Preparatory Committee for the Broad Meeting of Syrian Civil and Political Forces and Figures

For inscription please: https://syrnc.org/


Sunnis, Alawis, Druze, Christians, Arabs, Kurds: one people

14/01/2025

JONATHAN POLLAK
“I saw that the floor was covered with blood. I felt fear run like electricity through my body. I knew exactly what was about to come”
Testimonies from the Zionist gulag

Rape. Starvation. Fatal beatings. Mistreatment. Something fundamental has changed in Israeli prisons. None of my Palestinian friends who have recently been released are the same people they used to be

Jonathan Pollak, Haaretz  , 9/1/2025
Translated by Shofty Shmaha, Tlaxcala

Tlaxcala's Note: Haaretz finally translated this article from Hebrew into English, allaying our fears that they wouldn't. You can read their version here 

Jonathan Pollak (1982) was one of the founders of the Israeli group Anarchists Against the Wall in 2003. Wounded and imprisoned on several occasions, he contributes to the daily Haaretz. In particular, he refused to appear before a civilian court, demanding to be tried by a military tribunal, like a common Palestinian, which he was obviously refused.

 

Jonathan Pollak facing an Israeli soldier during a protest against the closure of the main road in the Palestinian village of Beit Dajan, near Nablus, occupied West Bank, Friday, March 9, 2012. (Anne Paq/Activestills)



Jonathan Pollak at the Jerusalem Magistrate's Court, arrested as part of an unprecedented legal campaign by the Zionist organization Ad Kan, January 15, 2020. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)



Activists hold up posters in support of Jonathan Pollak during the weekly demonstration in the Palestinian town of Beita, in the occupied West Bank, February 3, 2023. (Wahaj Banimoufleh)


Jonathan Pollak alongside his lawyer Riham Nasra at the Petah Tikva court during his trial for throwing stones during a demonstration against the Jewish settler outpost of Eviatar in Beita, occupied West Bank, September 28, 2023. (Oren Ziv)

When I returned to the territories [occupied since 1967] after a long detention following a demonstration in the village of Beita, the West Bank was very different from what I knew. Here too, Israel has lost its nerve. Murders of civilians, attacks by settlers acting with the army, mass arrests. Fear and terror around every corner. And this silence, a crushing silence. Even before my release, it was clear that something fundamental had changed. A few days after October 7, Ibrahim Alwadi, a friend from the village of Qusra, was killed along with his son Ahmad. They were shot as they accompanied four Palestinians who had been shot the day before - three by settlers who had invaded the village, the fourth by soldiers who were accompanying them.

After my release, I realized that something very bad was happening in the prisons. Over the past year, as I regained my freedom, thousands of Palestinians - including many friends and acquaintances - were arrested en masse by Israel. As they began to be released, their testimonies painted a systematic picture of torture. Fatal beatings are a recurring motif in every account. It happens in prisoner counts, during cell searches, at every movement from one place to another. The situation is so serious that some inmates ask their lawyers to hold hearings without their presence, because the path from the cell to the room where the camera is installed is a path of pain and humiliation.

I hesitated for a long time about how to share the testimonies I heard from my friends who had returned from detention. After all, I'm not revealing any new details here. Everything, down to the smallest detail, already fills volume upon volume in the reports of human rights organizations. But for me, these are not the stories of faraway people. These are people I have known and who have survived hell. None of them is the same person they once were. I seek to tell what I’ve heard from my friends, an experience shared by countless others, even while changing their names and obscuring identifiable details. After all, the fear of reprisals recurred in every conversation.

Blows and blood

I visited Malek a few days after his release. A yellow gate and guard tower blocked the path that once led to the village from the main road. Most of the other roads passing through the neighboring villages were all blocked. Only one winding road, near the Byzantine church that Israel blew up in 2002, remained open. For years, this village had been like a second home to me, and this is the first time I’ve been back there since my release. 

Malek was detained for 18 days. He was interrogated three times, and during all the interrogations, he was asked trivial questions. He was therefore convinced that he would be transferred to administrative detention - that is, without trial and without evidence, without being charged with anything, under a veneer of secret suspicion and with no time limit. This is indeed the fate of most Palestinian detainees now. 

After the first interrogation, he was taken to the Garden of Torment. During the day, the guards would remove mattresses and blankets from the cells and return them in the evening when they were barely dry, and sometimes still wet. Malek describes the cold of winter nights in Jerusalem as arrows penetrating flesh to the bones. He tells how they beat him and the other inmates at every opportunity. At every count, every search, every movement from one place to another, everything was an opportunity to hit and humiliate.

“Once, during the morning count,” he told me, ”we were all on our knees, our faces turned towards the beds. One of the guards grabbed me from behind, handcuffed my hands and feet, and said in Hebrew, 'Come on, move'. He lifted me up by the handcuffs, behind my back, and led me bent over across the courtyard next to the cells. To get out, there's a sort of small room you must go through, between two doors with a small window”. I know exactly which little room he’s talking about, I’ve passed through it dozens of times. It's a security passage where, at a given moment, only one of the doors can be opened. “So we got there,” Malek continues, “and they slammed me against the door, my face against the window. I looked inside and saw that the floor was covered in clotted blood. I felt fear run through my body like electricity. I knew exactly what was going to happen. They opened the door, one came in and stood by the window at the back, blocked it, and the other threw me inside onto the floor. They kicked me. I tried to protect my head, but my hands were handcuffed, so I didn’t really have any way of doing that. They were murderous blows. I really thought they might kill me. I don’t know how long it lasted. At some point, I remembered that the night before, someone had said to me, “When they hit you, scream at the top of your lungs. What do you care? It can’t get any worse, and maybe someone will hear and come.” So I started shouting really loud, and indeed, someone did come. I don't understand Hebrew, but there was some shouting between him and them. Then they left and he took me away. I had blood coming out of my mouth and nose”.

Khaled, one of my closest friends, also suffered from the violence of the guards. When he was released from prison after eight months’ administrative detention, his son didn’t recognize him from afar. He ran the distance between Ofer prison and his home in Beitunia. Later, he said that he hadn’t been told that the administrative detention was over, and he was afraid that there had been a mistake and that they would soon arrest him again. This had already happened to someone who was with him in the cell. In the photo his son sent me a few minutes after their meeting, he looks like a human shadow. All over his body - his shoulders, arms, back, face, legs - were signs of violence. When I came to visit him, he stood up to kiss me, but when I took him in my arms, he groaned in pain. A few days later, examinations showed edema around the spine and a rib that had healed.
In the Megiddo prison

Every action is an opportunity to hit and humiliate

Another testimony I heard from Nizar, who was already in administrative detention before October 7, and has since been transferred to several prisons, including Megiddo. One evening, the guards entered the cell next door and he could hear the blows and cries of pain from his cell. After a while, the guards picked up an inmate and threw him alone into the isolation cell. During the night and the following day, he moaned in pain and never stopped shouting “my belly” and calling for help. No one came. This continued the following night. Towards morning, the cries stopped. The next day, when a nurse came to take a look around the ward, they understood from the tumult and the screams of the guards that the inmate was dead. To this day, Nizar doesn't know who it was. It was forbidden to speak between cells, and he doesn't know what day it was. 

After his release, he realized that during the time he was detained, this detainee had not been the only one to die in Megiddo. Tawfik, who was released in winter from Gilboa prison, told me that during a check of the area by prison officers, one of the inmates complained that he wasn’t allowed out into the yard. In response, one of the officers said to him: “You want the yard? Say thank you for not being in the Hamas tunnels in Gaza”. Then, for two weeks, every day during the noon count, they took them out into the yard and ordered them to lie on the cold ground for two hours. Even in the rain. While they lay there, the guards walked around the yard with dogs. Sometimes the dogs would pass between them, and sometimes they’d actually step on the inmates lying down; they’d walk all over them.

According to Tawfik, every time an inmate met a lawyer, it came at a price. “I knew every time that the way back, between the visiting room and the ward, would add at least three more volleys of blows. But I never refused to go. You were in a five-star prison. You don’t understand what it’s like to be 12 people in a cell where even six are cramped. It’s like living in a closed circle. I didn’t mind at all what they were going to do to me. Just seeing someone else talking to you like a human being, maybe seeing something in the corridor on the way, that was worth everything to me”.

Munther Amira   - the only one here to appear under his real name - was released from prison by surprise before the end of his period of administrative detention. Even today, no one knows why. Unlike many others who have been warned and fear reprisals, Amira told the cameras about the catastrophe in the prisons, calling them cemeteries for the living. He told me that one night, a Kt’ar unit burst into their cell at Ofer prison, accompanied by two dogs. They ordered the inmates to strip down to their underwear and lie on the floor, then ordered the dogs to sniff their bodies and faces. Then they ordered the prisoners to get dressed, led them to the showers and rinsed them with cold water while clothed. On another occasion, he tried to call a nurse for help after an inmate attempted suicide. The punishment for calling for help was another raid by the Kt’ar unit. This time, they ordered the inmates to lie on top of each other and beat them with truncheons. At one point, one of the guards spread their legs and hit them in the testicles with a truncheon. 

 Hunger and disease

Munther lost 33 kilos during his detention. I don't know how many kilos Khaled lost, having always been a slim man, but in the photo sent to me, I saw a human skeleton. In the living room of his house, the light from the lamp then revealed two deep depressions where his cheeks used to be. His eyes were surrounded by a red outline, that of someone who hadn't slept in weeks. On his skinny arms hung loose skin that looked as if it had been artificially attached, like plastic wrap. Blood tests on both showed severe deficiencies. Everyone I spoke to, regardless of the prison they passed through, repeated almost exactly the same menu, which is sometimes updated, or rather reduced. The last version I heard, from Ofer prison, was: for breakfast, one and a half boxes of cheese for a cell of 12 people, three slices of bread per person, 2 or 3 vegetables, usually a cucumber or a tomato, for the whole cell. Once every four days, 250 grams of jam for the whole cell. For lunch, one disposable plastic cup with rice per person, two spoonfuls of lentils, a few vegetables, three slices of bread. At dinner, two spoonfuls (coffee, not soup spoons) of hummus and tahini per person, a few vegetables, three slices of bread per person. Sometimes another cup of rice, sometimes a falafel ball (just one!) or an egg, which is usually a bit spoiled, sometimes with red dots, sometimes blue. And that’s it. Nazar told me: “It’s not just the quantity. Even what's already been brought in isn’t edible. The rice is barely cooked, almost everything is spoiled. And you know, there are even real children there, the ones who have never been in prison. We've tried to take care of them, to give them our rotten food. But if you give a little of your food away, it's like committing suicide. In the prison there is now a famine (maja'a مَجَاعَة), and it's not a natural disaster, it’s the policy of the prison service.”

Recently, hunger has even increased. Because of the cramped conditions, the prison service is finding ways to make the cells even tighter. Public areas, canteens - every place has become an extra cell. The number of prisoners in the cells, which were already overcrowded before, has increased still further. There are sections where 50 extra prisoners have been added, but the amount of food has remained the same. Not surprisingly, prisoners are losing a third or more of their body weight in just a few months.

Food is not the only thing lacking in prison, and inmates are in fact not allowed to own anything other than a single set of clothes. A shirt, a pair of underwear, a pair of socks, a pair of pants, a sweatshirt. That's it. For the duration of their detention. I remember once, when Munther's lawyer Riham Nasra visited him, he came into the visiting room barefoot. It was winter and freezing cold in Ofer. When she asked him why, he simply said: “There aren't any”. A quarter of all Palestinian prisoners suffer from scabies, according to a statement by the prison service itself in court. Nizar was released when his skin was healing. The lesions on his skin no longer bled, but scabs still covered large parts of his body. “The smell in the cell was something you can't even describe. Like decomposition, we were there and we were decomposing, our skin, our flesh. We’re not human beings there, we’re decomposing flesh,” he says. “Now, how could we not be? Most of the time there's no water at all, often only an hour a day, and sometimes we had no hot water for days. There were whole weeks when I didn't have a shower. It took me over a month to get soap. And there we are, in the same clothes, because nobody has a change of clothes, and they’re full of blood and pus and there’s a stench, not of dirt, but of death. Our clothes were soaked with our decomposing bodies”.

Tawfik recounted that “there was only running water for an hour a day. Not just for showers, but in general, even for toilets. So, during that hour, 12 people in the cell had to do everything that required water, including natural needs. Obviously, this was unbearable. And also, because most of the food was spoiled, we all had digestive problems almost all the time. You can't imagine how bad our cell stank”.

In such conditions, the health of the prisoners obviously deteriorates. Such rapid weight loss, for example, forces the body to consume its own muscle tissue. When Munther was released, he told his wife Sana, who is a nurse, that he was so dirty that his sweat had dyed his clothes orange. She looked at him and asked, “What about the urine?” He replied, “Yes, I peed blood too.” “You idiot,” she yelled at him, ”that wasn't dirt, that was your body rejecting the muscles it had eaten”.

Blood tests on almost everyone I knew showed that they suffered from malnutrition and severe deficiencies of iron, essential minerals and vitamins. But even medical care is a luxury. We don't know what goes on in the prison infirmaries, but for the prisoners, they don’t exist. Regular treatment has simply ceased. From time to time, a nurse makes a tour of the cells, but no treatment is administered, and the “examination” amounts to a conversation through the cell door. The medical response, at best, is paracetamol and, more often, something along the lines of “drink some water”. Needless to say, there's not enough water in the cells, as there's no running water most of the time. Sometimes a week or more goes by without even the nurse visiting the block.

And if there’s little talk of rape, there’s no need to mention sexual humiliation - videos of prisoners being led around completely naked by the prison service have been posted on social networks. These acts could not have been documented other than by the guards themselves, who sought to brag about their actions. The use of the search as an opportunity for sexual assault, often by hitting the groin with the hand or metal detector, is an almost constant experience, regularly described by prisoners who have been in different prisons.

I didn’t hear about assaults on women first hand, obviously. What I have heard, and not once, is the lack of hygienic material during menstruation and its use to humiliate. After the first beating on the day of her arrest, Mounira was taken to Sharon prison. On entering the prison, everyone goes through a body search, but a strip search is not the norm and requires reasonable cause to suspect that the inmate is hiding a prohibited object. A strip search also requires the approval of the officer in charge. During the search, no officer was there for Mounira, and certainly no organized procedure to verify reasonable suspicion. Mounira was pushed by two female guards into a small search room, where they forced her to remove all her clothes, including her underwear and bra, and get down on her knees. After leaving her alone for a few minutes, one of the guards came back, hit her and left. In the end, her clothes were returned to her, and she was allowed to get dressed. The next day was the first day of her period. She was given a sanitary pad and had to make do with it for the whole of her period. And it was the same for all of them. By the time she was released, she was suffering from an infection and severe inflammation of the urinary tract.

Epilogue

Sde Teiman was the most terrible place of detention, and this is supposedly why they closed it down. Indeed, it’s hard to think of the descriptions of horror and atrocity that came out of this torture camp without thinking of the place as one of the circles of hell. But it was not without reason that the state agreed to transfer those held there to other locations - principally Nitzan and Ofer. Sde Teiman or not, Israel is holding thousands of people in torture camps, and at least 68 of them have lost their lives. Since the beginning of December alone, the deaths of four more detainees have been reported. One of them, Mahmad Walid Ali, 45, from the Nour Shams camp near Tulkarm, died just one week after his arrest. Torture in all its forms - hunger, humiliation, sexual assault, promiscuity, beatings and death - does not happen by chance. Together, they constitute Israeli policy. This is the reality.